India and the World-IndoChina realtions

Sino-Indian diplomatic realtions has been the most critical and appearingly complex issue in Indian foriegn policy.Delegates and analysts from both countries are trying hard recently to dispel the mutual mistrust that stagnated in the minds of two countries.


1.The Tibet issue:

• From 18th cetury,China had been ruling Tibet.In 1911,China gave Tibet its independence.The Dalai Lama was the spiritual as well as temporal head of the small nation.
• After the British left India,the diplomatic realtions between India and Lhasa had been continued.
• In 1951,China sponsored a communist uprising and seized Tibet.Tibetians revolted.China used brutal force.As the situation became worse,the Dalai Lama along 100,000 of his followers fled to India.The Government of Nehru showed great courgae and gave Tibetans refuge in Dalhousie in Himachal Pradesh against the will of the Chinese.It worsened Sino-Indian relations.

Could this step of Indian government be justified diplomaticlly ?or was that a blunder that Nehru committed?

2.Panchsheel:

Nehru and ZhouEnlai agreed on Five Principles of mutual friendly relations, "Panchsheel".It was ignored through many unfortunate incidents those succeded Tibet issue.

3.Boundary Issue:

The Communist regime in China refused to recognise the borders set by the British.Though Panchsheel could give some temporary appeasement,Tibet issue had made relations worse.The People's Liberation Army of China constantly intruded into Indian territory in the north-eastern part of India.In November 1962,the Chinese launched a full scale military invasion which the iil-equipped Indian Army was not fully prepared to face.The entire world condemned the Chinese aggression.The US rushed military aid to India.Subsequently,the Chinese withdrew from some positions but held on to more than 50,000 sq. km of Indian territory.

[Points are taken from ncert text book class-12]

Afterwards some steps were taken from both sides but no appreciable improvement was there till recently.

In between there is Pakistan.In 1963,Pakistan illegally transfered a part of Kashmir,which it had forcibly occupied in 1947,to China.China's co-operation to Pak in all fields (mainly in millitary related issues) is not a secret.China is often perceived in India (and abroad) as a supporter of Pakistan's hostile actions against India.Chian had also refused to recognise the fact that Sikkim is an integral part of India.

Well,the present scenario is bit hope-rising.The talks are in progress and the pace is being improved.I had given an account of past scenario.May be we can continue our discussion on present scenario like US involvement,Econonmic&Trade co-operation,Role of Pakistan and the possible solutions or the steps to be taken from both sides towards prosperous future of two countries.